Action Toolkit

For Legislators

Fiscal impact data, model legislation, and committee testimony frameworks designed for state legislators considering home care worker protections. Includes the $48K vs. $128K cost comparison, state-specific Medicaid projections, and the 14-state precedent analysis.

The fiscal case

Home care is the cheaper option — and it's not close

$48K
Annual cost of home & community-based care per person (Wisconsin Medicaid data)
$128K
Annual cost of nursing home care per person — 2.7× more expensive
People without HCBS access are 5× more likely to enter a nursing home
$943M
Additional nursing home costs generated by a 30% HCBS reduction

The fiscal argument for home care worker protections isn't about worker benefits — it's about institutional cost avoidance. Every HCBS participant who can't get care because there aren't enough workers becomes a potential $128,000 nursing home resident. The workforce crisis isn't a labor issue; it's a Medicaid budget issue.

The savings-to-risk ratio

The FLSA companionship exemption saves an estimated $500–700 million annually — roughly 0.2% of the $313 billion HCBS system. Meanwhile, a 30% HCBS reduction would add $943 million in nursing home costs. The savings-to-risk ratio is approximately 1:1.5. The exemption saves less than the institutional cost blowback it generates.

Precedent

14 states already provide protections beyond federal law

These states have not experienced the fiscal catastrophe opponents predict. Several rank among the nation's best for both worker conditions and sustainable HCBS systems. Their experience provides a legislative roadmap.

72% wage pass-through

Minnesota

Requires 72% of Medicaid HCBS rate increases flow to direct care worker compensation. PCA program with strong union infrastructure. Fully validated state profile with complete data.

→ State profile
90% wage pass-through

Massachusetts

Nation's strongest wage pass-through requirement at 90%. Mean wage $18.54/hr. PHI-ranked #6 nationally for home care worker conditions.

→ State profile
SB 511 investment model

Nevada

Raised Medicaid home care reimbursement to $25/hr via SB 511. Result: workforce turnover dropped from ~50% to 4%. A natural experiment in workforce investment.

→ State profile
PHI-ranked #1

Washington

Nation's best home care worker conditions. Mean wage $20.19/hr. Strong SEIU collective bargaining. Demonstrates that high-quality HCBS and strong worker protections coexist.

→ State profile

View all 16 state profiles →

Model legislation

Two legislative frameworks

Framework 1: State Overtime Protection Act

Model bill eliminating the state-level domestic service overtime exemption. The 14-state precedent demonstrates the implementation path. Fiscal note: The net fiscal impact is likely positive when reduced turnover costs, decreased nursing home admissions, and improved care continuity are included. The exemption saves 0.2% of system costs while generating workforce instability that threatens the other 99.8%.

Framework 2: Medicaid Wage Pass-Through Act

Model bill requiring a specified percentage of Medicaid HCBS rate increases flow directly to direct care worker compensation. Based on Minnesota (72%), Massachusetts (90%), and New York (statutory parity). Prevents rate increases from being absorbed by agency administrative overhead. Ensures that legislative investment in reimbursement rates reaches the workforce.

Template availability

Downloadable model bill templates with fiscal note frameworks are in development. In the meantime, the state profiles provide the data needed for committee testimony and fiscal notes — including wage data, workforce demographics, HCBS cost comparisons, and Medicaid program details for each of the 14 states with existing protections.

Resources

Data for your committee

Data

State Profiles

16 state profiles with 89 metrics each: wages, workforce demographics, Medicaid HCBS programs, cost comparisons, and policy status. Every metric sourced and tagged with data quality status.

→ Browse state data
Data

Research Spreadsheet

Full 90+ metric template pre-populated with WI and MN validated data. Suitable for adding your state's data and building fiscal impact analyses.

↓ Download .xlsx
Data

Research Guide

355-line methodology covering all 6 data categories. Includes data source hierarchy, validation approach, and instructions for each of the 89 metrics.

↓ Download .md
Coalition building

For Coalitions

Cross-ideological framing guides, embeddable data, and campaign strategy resources for organizations building legislative support in your state.

→ Coalition resources